Rent a Car Ras Al Khaimah: Price, Requirements and Regulations

Rent a car in Ras Al Khaimah because it is a highly beneficial choice for tourists and residents due to the emirate's unique geographical spread and the limited accessibility of public transportation. The vast and diverse landscape of Ras Al Khaimah, which includes mountains, beaches, and cultural attractions, is impossible to reach without a private vehicle conveniently. Choosing to rent a car in Ras Al Khaimah provides unparalleled flexibility, comfort, and cost-effectiveness, making it an essential mode of transport.

Ras Al Khaimah's sprawling attractions, like Jebel Jais, the UAE's highest peak, or its many secluded beaches, are spread across the emirate, and public transport options are limited. Tourists avoid the crowds, long wait times, and high public transportation prices by renting a car and driving themselves around. Locals rely on rental cars for their day-to-day transportation needs in places where public transportation options like buses and taxis are limited or nonexistent.

There are several benefits to renting a car in Ras Al Khaimah. Renting provides flexibility, allowing renters to visit various attractions at their own pace without being tied to public transport schedules. Considerably more so in outlying places that are inconvenient to access by foot. Car renting offers convenience by making it easy to carry personal belongings, stop for meals, and enjoy a comfortable ride with climate control. Renting is cost-effective for groups or families, as the cost of multiple taxi rides quickly exceeds the price of a rental. It ensures comfort, with the ability to travel in a private, air-conditioned vehicle across different regions of Ras Al Khaimah.

Renting a car in Ras Al Khaimah is more economical than relying on taxis or ride-hailing services from a financial perspective for tourists planning to visit multiple destinations. The average daily rental cost is about $36, with longer rentals providing better value. Taxis charge a starting fare of AED 4, and these costs quickly add up over multiple trips. Renting a car instead of taking taxis is a convenient, comfortable, and sometimes cheaper alternative for daily commuters.

The average cost of a rental car in Ras Al Khaimah starts at AED 105 but varies depending on the type of vehicle and the rental duration. Economy cars are the most affordable option, with daily rental rates ranging from AED 105 to AED 599. These prices fluctuate based on the specific car model, the rental company, and any added services or insurance. Economy cars are popular for visitors who want a cost-effective way to explore Ras Al Khaimah’s scenic attractions while keeping the travel budget manageable.

Compact cars are widely available and cost about AED 121 daily, making them a good option for tourists or locals who want more room and comfort. The vehicles balance affordability and convenience, making them an excellent choice for small families or groups needing extra room without splurging on luxury.

Standard cars are rented for approximately AED 138 per day for travelers who prefer a higher vehicle standard. These cars offer more advanced features and a smoother driving experience, which are beneficial when exploring the varied terrains of Ras Al Khaimah, from coastal roads to mountainous areas.

Luxury cars are an option for renters looking to travel in style. The cost to rent a car in Ras Al Khaimah per day is approximately AED 348, with prices varying depending on the make and model of the car. Luxury rentals are ideal for visitors who want to experience the highest level of comfort and performance while navigating the emirate’s well-maintained roads.

Yes, there are additional fees associated with car rentals in Ras Al Khaimah, such as insurance. Rental cars come with basic insurance, but visitors must expect to pay more if they want more coverage like CDW or theft protection. These optional insurances provide excellent coverage, but they come at a cost that needs to be considered when renting a vehicle.

Another potential charge relates to the fuel policy. Rental companies such as UAEdriving operate on a 'full-to-full' fuel policy, meaning renters are expected to return the car with a full fuel tank. The rental agency imposes refueling fees if they don't, which are much higher than what the renter pays at a petrol station. Confirming the fuel policy and ensuring the tank is refilled before returning the car is always a good idea to avoid these extra costs.

Additional driver fees are another common expense when renting a car in Ras Al Khaimah. Additional drivers likely incur a daily fee if added to the rental agreement. Requesting extras like child safety seats or GPS navigation systems comes with extra charges, so plan accordingly if they require these amenities.

Late return fees are something to watch out for. Rental car agencies charge late fees, which add up fast if they return the car after the agreed-upon time. Some rental companies apply a surcharge for processing toll payments to the final bill if they intend to use toll roads. Read the rental agreement carefully and inquire about additional fees before confirming the reservation to avoid surprises.

You can find the cheapest car rental deals in Ras Al Khaimah by following strategies to secure the best prices. One of the most important tips is to book in advance. Reserving rental cars ahead of time leads to significant savings, as early booking locks in lower rates and ensures a broader selection of budget-friendly vehicles. Waiting until the last minute increases prices, especially during peak travel seasons when demand is high.

Adjusting rental dates leads to a low price rent a car Ras Al Khaimah, as prices decrease with flexible scheduling. Consider adding or removing a day or two to the rental duration if it fits the travel plans. Car rental rates fluctuate based on demand, so shifting rental dates slightly leads to better deals. The flexibility is helpful during off-peak travel times when prices are lower.

Checking for membership discounts. Organizations like AAA or AARP provide car rental discounts to their members, which help reduce car costs. Verify whether any memberships benefit “Ras Al Khaimah rent a car” before finalizing a booking.

Don’t overlook the potential savings from local rental agencies. Companies such as UAEdriving offer competitive rates compared to more prominent international brands. Local companies sometimes provide personalized service and lower prices, which benefits long-term rentals or specific vehicle types.

Be mindful of insurance costs. The rental agency offers optional insurance, but the renter must consider whether they need it before paying. Many personal auto insurance policies or credit cards already provide coverage for rental cars, so check with the provider to avoid unnecessary extra charges.

Another helpful strategy is to use online comparison platforms. Car rental websites allow renters to compare prices from different rental agencies, making finding the most affordable deals easier. Renters find the most affordable rental car service by comparing rates for the vehicle type they need. An economy rental car is a great way to cut costs on a tight budget. Economy cars in Ras Al Khaimah range from AED 105 to AED 599 daily, depending on the model and rental company. These smaller vehicles are ideal for individuals or small groups that do not require much space but seek an affordable way to explore the area.

To rent a car in Ras Al Khaimah, follow the 5 steps listed below.

The requirements for renting a car in Ras Al Khaimah are listed below.

• Credit Card: A valid credit card in the renter’s name is required for the security deposit and payment of rental fees. Companies such as UAEdriving accept debit cards, but it varies.
• Minimum Age: Renters must be at least 21 to rent a car in Ras Al Khaimah. Rental agencies require drivers to be older for specific vehicle categories.
• Driving License: A valid driving license is mandatory. A driver's license issued by the United Arab Emirates is valid for all UAE residents. Non-residents must present an International Driving Permit (IDP) and their home country’s driving license.
• Insurance: Rental agreements include basic insurance, but renters must purchase additional coverage, such as collision damage waivers or theft protection, depending on the rental agency’s policies.
• Deposit: A security deposit, which is held on a credit card, is required. The amount varies by the rental company and car category.
• Identification: Renters must provide a valid passport or Emirates ID for verification. The passport is an essential document of identification for tourists from other countries.
• Additional Driver: They must meet the exact requirements and incur an additional fee if an additional driver is needed. Adding a driver is optional on the requirements for renting a car in Ras Al Khaimah.

You can rent a car in Ras Al Khaimah through local agencies and online platforms, such as UAEdriving. The agency is well-established in the UAE and offers various vehicles to cater to different needs, including compact cars, SUVs, and luxury sedans. The platform provides a range of flexible options to accommodate locals and visitors, whether it is for short-term stays or longer rentals.

Customers appreciate the convenience of the many pickup and drop-off points provided by UAEdriving across Ras Al Khaimah. They provide pickup and delivery services and in-branch services. It adds extra convenience for travelers with busy schedules. Their rental agreements include comprehensive insurance coverage, ensuring renters' peace of mind, and optional accessories like GPS, child seats, and Bluetooth are available for a more personalized driving experience.

Value for money and a fleet of clean cars are hallmarks of UAEdriving's reputation for affordable rates. Their cars undergo regular servicing to ensure safety and comfort for all renters. The company offers flexible payment methods, including credit/debit cards, cash, and online payments. Frequent renters benefit from UAEdriving’s loyalty programs, which provide rewards and exclusive discounts, adding further value to the rental experience. Their 24/7 customer support team is always available for any inquiries or issues, offering assistance throughout the rental period. UAEdriving is a reliable and comprehensive service provider that offers various vehicles and convenient features tailored to different needs.

Yes, tourists can rent a car in Ras Al Khaimah. Tourists need to bring a few essential documents. One of the primary requirements is a valid driver's license. Rental agencies accept a valid driver's license from the tourist's home country, but an international driving permit (IDP) is highly recommended if the license does not have an English or Arabic translation. It helps ensure the rental process goes smoothly and complies with local regulations.

Passports and valid UAE visas are required documents for tourists, along with driver's licenses. Their identity and the legitimacy of their entry into the nation depend on it. A credit card in the renter's name is required for payment and to secure a deposit, which the rental company holds until the vehicle is returned.

There are a few other factors to consider when renting a car in Ras Al Khaimah. The minimum age requirement to rent a car is 21, though some rental companies impose higher age limits for luxury or premium vehicles. Tourists must know that while basic insurance is included in the rental cost, additional coverage such as Collision Damage Waiver (CDW) or Theft Protection is recommended for extra security.

You can book a rental car online in Ras Al Khaimah by following the steps, starting with choosing a reputable car rental agency. There are international and local car rental providers in Ras Al Khaimah, such as UAEdriving and eZhire. Compare prices, read customer reviews, and ensure that the agency provides reliable service and various vehicle options that meet the needs. Selecting the right agency is crucial for ensuring a smooth rental experience.

Find the best deals by visiting the provider's website or using a comparison platform once the renter has decided on a rental provider. Dates, times, and places for pickup and drop-off, along with other booking details, are entered on the website. Specify the type of preferred vehicle, whether compact, SUV, or luxury car, depending on travel needs. Select a vehicle that fits the renter's budget and provides the comfort and features required for the trip.

Another essential step is choosing the appropriate level of insurance coverage. Basic insurance is included in the rental price, but it is recommended that additional protection like Collision Damage Waiver (CDW) or Theft Protection be added for added peace of mind. Consider optional services like GPS navigation systems or child safety seats, which incur extra fees.

Fill out the necessary fields with personal information and payment details to finalize the booking after finalizing the details. Review the rental terms and conditions thoroughly before the trip. A confirmation email or voucher is expected once the payment is confirmed.

Booking a rental car in advance increases rates and ensures the vehicle needed is available during high-demand travel periods. Flexibility with rental dates helps lower costs, and if the renter belongs to any membership organization, checking for rental discounts further reduces the price. Following these steps, tourists and residents efficiently and effectively book a rental car online in Ras Al Khaimah.

Renting a car in Ras Al Khaimah takes 25 to 35 minutes, depending on a few factors, but the process is swift. Online booking for a rental car takes about 10 to 15 minutes. Document verification, including showing a valid driver's license, passport, and payment method, takes 5 to 10 minutes once the renter gets to the rental location. A representative inspects the vehicle for any damage before the paperwork is given. It takes another 5 to 10 minutes. Signing the rental agreement, which outlines the terms and conditions, is completed within 5 to 10 minutes.

Yes, you can book a car rental through a mobile app in Ras Al Khaimah. The rental agency's application provides access to their wide range of car rental and leasing services directly from local suppliers. The app allows users to browse various offers for daily, weekly, and monthly rentals, all at competitive rates without any additional commission or booking fees.

Features like budget filtering, real-time information on vehicle availability, and the ability to shortlist and share rental options are just a few ways the app improves the user experience. It makes booking a rental car in Ras Al Khaimah practical, efficient, and customizable according to individual preferences.

The age restriction for renting cars in Ras Al Khaimah is 21 years old, a standard limit set by car rental companies across the UAE. Companies stipulate that the renters must have held a valid driving license for at least one year before renting a vehicle.

Foreign visitors must provide additional documentation in addition to the age requirement to rent a car. Visitors from outside the UAE must present their International Driving Permit (IDP) along with a valid driving license from their home country. It ensures the renter is legally authorized to drive in the UAE and meets road safety standards. Rental agencies allow specific foreign licenses without an IDP, but it varies and must be confirmed with the rental company in advance.

Rental car agencies ask for more than just a driver's license. They want to check a passport and a credit card to hold the vehicle. UAE residents must provide their Emirates ID as part of the verification process. Understanding and meeting these requirements ensures that the rental process goes smoothly for tourists and residents.

The main car rental pickup locations in Ras Al Khaimah are listed below.

• Ras Al Khaimah International Airport (RKT): Car rentals are located near Ras Al Khaimah International Airport (RKT), making it easy for passengers to pick up their rental cars when they land. The airport serves domestic and international flights.
• Al Hamra Mall: The Al Hamra Village area is home to the Al Hamra Mall, a shopping center that offers a variety of vehicles for rent to customers.
• Manar Mall: Manar Mall is another popular spot with car rental facilities, facilitating easy access for tourists and residents.
• Sheikh Muhammad Bin Salem Road: The major thoroughfare in Ras Al Khaimah has multiple car rental agencies, such as UAEdriving, providing convenient pickup points for visitors along the route.
• Al Nakheel Area: A central district in Ras Al Khaimah city, Al Nakheel offers several car rental options, such as a place to relax, making it a strategic location for accessing various parts of the emirate.

Yes, airport pickup is available for car rentals in Ras Al Khaimah. Several car rental agencies operate at Ras Al Khaimah International Airport (RKT), offering convenient pickup services for travelers upon arrival.

One option is to reserve a rental car through the company's website. Another is to call the rental car agency before the flight to verify availability and schedule a pickup. It ensures a vehicle is ready upon arrival, streamlining the travel experience. The facility offers a variety of airport transfer options, including taxis and shuttle services, in case the visitor decides not to rent a car.

The cost of an airport transfer in Ras Al Khaimah depends on the chosen mode of transportation. Taxi services start with a flag fare of AED 4 during the day, with the fare increasing based on the distance traveled and varying depending on the taxi provider and time of day. Travelers looking for a more budget-friendly option consider taking the RAK Shuttle Bus, which operates regularly and costs around AED 20 per person. Private transfers are available through pre-booked services, varying prices depending on the vehicle type and destination. For example, a typical sedan transfer to the city's heart costs anything from AED 100 to AED 150.

Reserve airport transfers in advance during busy travel times to guarantee availability and get better prices. Confirm the latest rates with the service provider before the trip, as prices fluctuate depending on demand. Travelers in Ras Al Khaimah choose an airport transfer option that suits their needs and budget by thinking about these possibilities.

Yes, there are additional charges for car rental delivery and pickup in Ras Al Khaimah. Rental agencies offer delivery and collection services for an extra fee of 75 AED, such as Avis.ae, depending on the company's policies and the distance involved. Rental agencies provide delivery and collection services at certain locations. Additional charges apply depending on the specifics.

Ensure to ask about any delivery or pickup fees when booking a rental car to avoid any unpleasant surprises. It ensures transparency and allows tourists to plan their budget accordingly.

The driving rules and regulations in Ras Al Khaimah are listed below.

• Speed Limits: Exceeding the maximum speed limit results in fines, depending on how much the limit is exceeded, with the potential for black points and vehicle confiscation for severe violations. Driving below the minimum speed limit incurs a fine.
• Court-Decided Offences: The court decides on the fine, black points, and vehicle confiscation for up to 30 days for serious offenses like injury or death. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs results in court-decided fines, black points, and up to 60 days of vehicle confiscation.
• Parking Violations: Parking violations include blocking the movement of other vehicles, which results in a fine. Parking in spaces reserved for differently-abled renters, ambulance spots, or near fire hydrants incurs fines and black points.
• License Violations: Driving an unlicensed vehicle carries a fine, leading to a 7-day vehicle confiscation. Driving without a valid license results in a fine, and additional penalties apply for not showing the license when required.
• Miscellaneous Violations: Not wearing a seatbelt while driving results in fines and black points. Using a mobile phone while driving incurs fines and black points. Throwing waste from a vehicle results in fines and black points.

Parking is managed in Ras Al Khaimah and is structured to ensure efficient traffic flow and optimize space utilization across the emirate. The city provides various public parking options, including street parking regulated by meters or mobile payment systems and strategically located parking lots and garages in commercial and residential zones.

RAK has put specific regulations in place to ensure that parking remains orderly. Designated parking zones have particular rules, such as time restrictions and associated fees. Enforcement is strict, with penalties for violations like parking in spaces reserved for differently-abled individuals resulting in fines and black points on the driver's license.

Modern technology enhances parking management in RAK. Mobile payment systems allow drivers to conveniently pay for parking, reducing the reliance on physical meters. Advanced parking management solutions, including gate barriers and access control systems, are employed to optimize the operations of parking facilities.

Private entities contribute to the parking landscape by offering services like valet parking at hotels, restaurants, and event venues. Some residential complexes engage parking management companies to oversee parking spaces and ensure adherence to community guidelines.

Ras Al Khaimah's approach to parking management combines regulatory measures, technological advancements, and public-private partnerships to effectively meet the needs of its growing population and tourism sector.

You should know about traffic fines and penalties in Ras Al Khaimah, focusing on ensuring road safety and compliance. The emirate enforces strict regulations, and awareness of common violations helps motorists avoid penalties.

Speed limits are rigorously enforced in Ras Al Khaimah. Fines range from AED 400 for exceeding the limit by not more than 10 km/h to AED 1,000 for surpassing it by more than 60 km/h. Exceeding the speed limit by more than 60 km/h results in 12 black points on the driver's license and a 30-day vehicle confiscation.

Proper parking maintains traffic flow and safety. Parking in spaces reserved for differently-abled individuals, ambulance parking, or fire hydrant areas incurs a fine of AED 1,000 and 4 black points. Parking in prohibited areas leads to an AED 200 fine and 2 black points, while parking on the road shoulder outside of emergencies results in an AED 200 fine.

Ensuring that the driver and vehicle are licensed is critical. Driving an unlicensed vehicle results in an AED 200 fine and 7 days of vehicle confiscation. Driving without a valid license carries an AED 400 fine, and failing to carry a driving license while operating a vehicle leads to an AED 100 fine.

Additional regulations address behaviors that compromise road safety. Using a mobile phone while driving is prohibited, with a fine of AED 200 and 4 black points. Not wearing a seatbelt results in an AED 400 fine and 4 black points. Littering from vehicles is penalized with an AED 500 fine and 4 black points. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs leads to severe penalties, including a court-determined fine, 24 black points, and 60 days of vehicle confiscation. Causing the death of others due to traffic violations is met with stringent consequences, such as a court-determined fine, 12 black points, and 30 days of vehicle confiscation.

Yes, car rental companies in Ras Al Khaimah offer roadside assistance to their customers. The service provides help in cases of vehicle issues such as breakdowns, flat tires, or battery problems during the rental period. The availability of roadside assistance ensures that renters have access to immediate support, helping them resolve any issues efficiently.

Roadside assistance starts with the customer contacting the rental company's designated hotline when a problem arises. The number is provided at the rental time or found on the company's website. The support group evaluates the call's details and decides what to do after receiving the call. The rental car agency sends a technician to the location to fix the problem right away or, if necessary, they arrange for a new vehicle to be sent. Businesses check in with customers after fixing an issue to ensure the vehicle is running well and that they have not encountered any other problems.

For example, UAEdriving in Ras Al Khaimah offers 24/7 roadside assistance, ensuring that help is available anytime. Remember that the specifics of roadside assistance services, such as response times or included coverage, vary between rental companies. Check the roadside assistance policy details with the rental company when booking a vehicle to ensure it meets the renter's needs.

Yes, you can rent a car without a credit card in Ras Al Khaimah. Car rental companies such as UAEdriving in the emirate accept alternative payment methods such as debit cards, cash, or bank transfers. For example, certain agencies allow cash, card, or bank transfer payments.

Note that payment policies vary among rental companies. Some require a credit card for security deposits or to guarantee reservations. Contact the rental company directly to inquire about their specific payment options and any potential additional requirements when opting to rent a car without a credit card.

Several kinds of insurance are included in car rentals in Ras Al Khaimah, such as Collision Damage Waiver (CDW). The coverage protects the renter from financial liability if the rental vehicle sustains damage in an accident. CDW comes with an excess amount, meaning they are responsible for some repair costs.

Super Collision Damage Waiver (SCDW) is an optional upgrade many rental companies offer to enhance protection. Choosing SCDW reduces or eliminates the excess liability, providing more comprehensive coverage. Some rental agreements include Theft Protection (TP), which covers losses if the vehicle is stolen.

Review the rental agreement carefully and consider additional insurance options to ensure renters are covered enough during the rental period because the coverage levels vary. Understanding these insurance terms impacts financial responsibility in the event of an accident or theft.

Having a clear understanding of rental car insurance in UAE is crucial for handling financial matters and responsibility during a rental period, whether dealing with accidents or theft, and it provides peace of mind while driving.

Yes, there are long-term rental discounts available in Ras Al Khaimah. The region offers special reduced rates for extended rental periods, making it a more cost-effective option than daily or weekly rentals. Discounts are applied for rentals that last a month or longer, with prices adjusted based on the car type and rental duration.

The discounts apply to various vehicles, from economy cars to luxury models, and the longer the rental period, the greater the potential savings. Long-term rentals come with additional benefits, including maintenance services and reduced deposit amounts. The best way to find out about these deals is to contact the rental companies directly. The exact details of the deals depend on the availability of the discounts and the conditions of the agreement.

You can find promotional offers for car rentals in Ras Al Khaimah by exploring car rental platforms. One of the most effective ways is to regularly check online booking platforms such as UAEdriving, which compiles the latest rental deals across the UAE. The platforms feature special discounts and promotions, making comparing offers from different car rental companies easy.

Another way to secure promotional deals is through reservations. Booking a rental car ahead of time frequently leads to early-bird discounts, as rental companies reward customers who plan. Organizations and credit card providers offer exclusive membership discounts. Check if affiliations provide discounted rates for car rentals in Ras Al Khaimah.

Seasonal promotions are an excellent opportunity to save on rental costs. Rental companies provide special rates during holidays or off-peak seasons to attract more customers. Renting in UAE Driving during these times potentially saves a ton of money. Using these strategies increases the chances of securing promotional offers and getting the best deals for car rentals in Ras Al Khaimah.

The benefits of monthly car rentals in Ras Al Khaimah are listed below.

• Maintenance and Service Included: Routine maintenance and repairs are included in the monthly package, ensuring that the vehicle stays in good condition without additional costs to the renter.
• Cost Efficiency: Renting a car monthly typically offers better rates than daily or weekly rentals. Long-term rentals allow renters to access discounted prices, helping save on costs.
• Convenience: Monthly rentals provide the flexibility of using the car without the hassle of renewing contracts frequently. It is ideal for renters staying in Ras Al Khaimah for extended periods.
• Variety of Vehicle Options: A more comprehensive range of vehicles, from economy cars to luxury models, is available to renters with monthly rentals, allowing them to choose the perfect vehicle for their specific needs for an extended period. Choosing to rent a car Ras Al Khaimah monthly provides cost savings, convenience, and flexibility.
• No Long-Term Commitment: Monthly rentals allow renters to return the car after 30 days, unlike leasing or buying a vehicle, where they are locked into long-term contracts. Choosing to rent a car for a month offers the benefits of long-term use without the obligations of ownership.

No, the rent is not more expensive in Ras Al Khaimah than in Dubai. Competitive rates for car rentals are available in Ras Al Khaimah and Dubai but vary by rental duration, vehicle type, and agency. For example, an economy car in Ras Al Khaimah is rented for approximately AED 30 to 70 per day, while in Dubai, similar economy cars are available for around AED 46 per day. The difference between the two emirates is minimal, though Dubai provides slightly lower prices due to the higher volume of rental agencies and greater competition.

The prices for premium or luxury vehicles in Ras Al Khaimah and Dubai vary more significantly, with Dubai offering a more comprehensive range of options. The rates remain comparable in terms of daily rentals for standard cars. Longer-term rentals, such as monthly options, tend to decrease costs in both emirates.

Renting a car in Dubai or Ras Al Khaimah depends on convenience, the availability of specific vehicles, and the rental duration. Ras Al Khaimah and Dubai provide competitive options for car rentals, and differences in pricing are influenced by market demand rather than a consistent price disparity between the two regions.

Yes, Ras Al Khaimah is suitable for tourists. The Emirates offers a variety of attractions, from stunning beaches to mountainous landscapes, including Jebel Jais, the UAE's highest peak. Adventure seekers enjoy hiking, zip-lining, and desert safaris, while history enthusiasts explore ancient forts and museums. The region's luxurious resorts and cultural experiences make it an appealing destination for all travelers.

Renting a car in Ras Al Khaimah is relatively easy, with UAEdriving providing a wide range of vehicles. Tourists rent cars with minimal requirements, needing a valid driver's license, passport, and credit card. The well-maintained roads and clear signage make it convenient for tourists to travel the Emirate at their own pace.